ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19, which occurred at the end of December 2019, has evolved into a global public health threat. COVID-19’s high infectivity and mortality prompt governments and scientific community to respond quickly to the outbreak of the pandemic. The application of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of great significance in overcoming the epidemic situation. Although there were many studies about PPE and COVID-19, there is no study about bibliometric analysis of these studies. This study aims to provide a general overview of studies on PPE and COVID-19. Methods: On October 07, 2021, the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database was used to identify documents on PPE and COVID-19. HistCite and VOSviewer softwares were used for citation analysis and visualization mapping. Results: A total of 1462 documents authored by 6993 authors and published in 750 journals were included in the final analysis. The most prolific author was Macintyre CR. The USA was the most productive country with 463 published documents. The leading journal was Plos One. Network visualization map showed that USA was the largest international collaboration network. The keyword “COVID-19” had the strongest total link strengths (TLS) and largest number of occurrences. The New England Journal of Medicine was the leading source with highest TLS. The University of Toronto had the highest number of links and the highest TLS. Conclusions: The bibliometric analysis of PPE and COVID-19 provides an overall perspective, and the appreciation and study of these influential publications are very useful for future research.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background: Previous studies have shown that prone position may be beneficial for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) in COVID-19 patients, but the results are not consistent, especially in terms of oxygenation outcomes and intubation rate. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of prone position on AHRF in COVID-19 patients with all randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: An extensive search of online databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from December 1, 2019 to October 30, 2022, with no language restrictions. This systematic review and meta-analysis are based on the PRISMA statement and has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registered ID: CRD42022367885. We only included RCTs and used Cochrane risk assessment tool for quality assessment. Results: Twelve RCTs fulfilled the selection criteria and 3154 patients were included. Meta-analysis found that patients in prone position group had more significant improvement in the SpO2/FiO2 ratio (mean difference [MD]: 29.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39 to 48.13; P=0.001) compared with usual care. Prone position also reduced the need for intubation (odd ratio [OR]: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.85; P＜0.0001; I2=0%). There was no significant difference in mortality, hospital length of stay, incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and adverse events between the two groups. Conclusions: Prone position was a promising intervention method, which is beneficial to improve the oxygenation of patients with ARDS or AHRF caused by COVID-19 and can reduce the need for intubation. However, prone position had no significant difference in mortality, hospital length of stay, incidence of ICU admission and adverse events.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Respiratory Insufficiency , Respiratory Distress SyndromeABSTRACT
Background Recent numerous epidemiology and clinical association studies reported that ApoE polymorphism may associate with the risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and yielded inconsistent results. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection relies on its spike protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on host cell membranes.Methods A meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the association between ApoE polymorphism and the risk and severity of COVID-19. Multiple protein interaction assays were utilized to investigate the potential molecular link between ApoE and spike protein and between ApoE and also the SARS-CoV-2 primary receptor ACE2. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining methods were used to access the regulatory effect of different ApoE isoform on ACE2 protein expression.Results ApoE gene polymorphism (ε4 carries genotypes VS non-ε4 carries genotypes) is associated with the increased risk (P = 0.0003, OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.18–1.76) and progression (P < 0.00001, OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.50–2.28) of COVID-19. ApoE interacts with both the spike protein and ACE2 but did not show isoform-dependent binding effects. ApoE4 significantly downregulates ACE2 protein expression in vitro and in vivo and subsequently decreases the conversion of Ang II to Ang 1–7.Conclusions ApoE4 increases SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in a manner that may not depend on differential interactions with the spike protein or ACE2. Instead, ApoE4 downregulates ACE2 protein expression and subsequently the dysregulation of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) may provide explanation by which ApoE4 exacerbates COVID-19 disease.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , COVID-19ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); host cell entry by this virus relies on the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its spike glycoprotein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on cell membranes. In addition to serving as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 was originally discovered as a protective factor in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that catalyses the degradation of angiotensin II (Ang II) to Ang 1-7, which is involved in multiple organ pathology. Recent genetic and clinical studies reported that ApoE4 expression is associated with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, but the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. In the present study, by using immunofluorescence staining, molecular dynamics simulations, proximity ligation assay (PLA) and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) combined with a biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay, we found that ApoE interacts with both the spike protein and ACE2 but does not show obvious isoform-dependent binding effects. These data suggest that ApoE4 increases SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in a manner that may not depend on differential interactions with the spike protein or ACE2. Importantly, further immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining results showed that ApoE4 significantly downregulates ACE2 protein expression in vitro and in vivo and subsequently decreases the conversion of Ang II to Ang 1-7, which could worsen tissue lesions; these findings provide a possible explain by which ApoE4 exacerbates COVID-19 disease.